| Oral Communicators | Print Communicators |
| • Learn by hearing | • Learn by seeing and reading |
| • Think and talk about events | • Think and talk about words, concepts and principles |
| • Learn by watching, imitating, listening and repeating | • Learn by reading, studying, classifying, comparing and analysing |
| • Able to memorise things handed down from the past | • Need to look things up in books and write them down in notebooks |
| • Appreciate narrative passages that illustrate God’s qualities | • Appreciate abstract statements about God’s qualities |
| • Need stories that show sin, righteousness, prayer, faith etc. | • Enjoy exhortations about sin, righteousness, prayer, faith etc. |
| • Communicate in groups, learn through interacting with other people | • Communicate one to one, learn on their own |
| • Acquire and store information as concrete events related to one another on a time line | • Cope well with abstract themes and key points regardless of chronology |
Adapted from the International Journal of Frontier Missions 21:3 Fall 2004